如何进行精读,提高托福考试阅读理解能力!
很多基础不错的考生常常在刷题一阵子之后遇到瓶颈期,总觉得文章都能读懂,但就是突破不了25分,一直在22分左右徘徊。
对于这样的考生,基本上都具备分析长难句的能力,对于托福重点题型的解题技巧也是比较熟悉。
那么在平时的复习中,可以尝试进行精读练习,通过精读来从逻辑层面有效提取信息。
在这里我建议大家参考下面的精读方法
提高阅读理解能力提高阅读理解能力
首先,以段落为单位进行快速阅读来提炼段落中心,划出生词,之后进行查单词标注所查生词的词意,以保证后面精读时的顺畅性。
在此,不建议考生边精读句子边查词,因为这样会打断句子分析的连贯性,从而额外加长精读每个句子的时间及不利于整句句意的理解。
其次,以句为单位进行逐句精读,对于不能一次读完理解的长难句,我们应该对句子进行分析,划分出句子主干(主语、谓语和宾语等成分)来提取核心句意,分析其他语法结构(分词短语、插入语、介词短语及从句修饰等)在句子中的作用并判断该句句内逻辑关系。
如果所读句子中存在代词时,需要弄清楚代词指代的具体内容。逐句精读有助于考生理清主干和句内逻辑,提升句子简化题的答题正确率。
在我们理顺句意的同时,也可以加强对于段落中生词的记忆,根据语境来记忆篇章生词是比较有效的方法。
再次,当段落里每句话精读完成后,我们需要留意句子之间带有逻辑的衔接词,结合句意中心词,从段落首句开始逐句梳理句间关系。
有些前后句间并没有出现明显的逻辑词,这就需要考生深入挖掘其隐藏的逻辑关系。
梳理好段落内的句间关系,能够有效帮助考生解答 “功能目的题”以及“句子插入题”等重点题型。
以下是TPO46 The Origins of Writing中的一段阅读材料,我们具体感受一下如何建立句间逻辑关系,并利用句间关系来解答功能目的题。 The Egyptians were not far behind in developing writing, but we cannot follow the history of their writing in detail because they used a perishable writing material. In ancient times the banks of the Nile were lined with papyrus plants, and from the papyrus reeds the Egyptians made a form of paper; it was excellent in quality but, like any paper, fragile. Mesopotamia’s rivers boasted no such useful reeds, but its land did provide good clay, and as a consequence the clay tablet became the standard material. Though clumsy and bulky it has a virtue dear to archaeologists: it is durable. Fire, for example, which is death to papyrus paper or other writing materials such as leather and wood, simply bakes it hard, thereby making it even more durable.
In paragraph 2, why does the author discuss the Egyptian use of papyrus as a writing material?
To describe the superiority of papyrus over leather and wood as a writing material
To explain why writing in Egypt did not develop as quickly as it did Mesopotamia
To explain why archaeologists' knowledge of the early history of writing relies mainly on Sumerian cuneiform
To explain why the Sumerians preferred clay tablets for writing over papyrus
题目中问道“why does the author discuss…?” 可知这是功能目的题。题干中所问到的句子没有在原文中用灰色阴影标出,所以我们需要确定题干关键词:Egyptian、papyrus 、writing material,并回到文中定位到句子 “In ancient times the banks of the Nile were lined with papyrus plants, and from the papyrus reeds the Egyptians made a form of paper; it was excellent in quality but, like any paper, fragile.”
在分析定位的句子时,虽没看到明显的举例提示词,比如说像“for example”、 “such as”等,但是考生可以注意到常表细节的 “in ancient times” 这个时间状语,可以判断前后句间为举例逻辑,属于隐藏逻辑,该句对前面观点句进行解释说明。句中的中心词为“Nile”、“paper”、 “fragile”等。
往前一句找到这个例子所要说明的观点句“The Egyptians were not far behind in developing writing, but we cannot follow the history of their writing in detail because they used a perishable writing material.” 作者通过举例来说明埃及使用的书写材料很容易腐烂,所以我们不能详细了解到他们的文字发展历史。
最后只能通过其他方面来了解文字的发展历史。在这里我们可以确定正确答案To explain why archaeologists' knowledge of the early history of writing relies mainly on Sumerian cuneiform
最后,一篇托福阅读文章精读完成后,考生应该梳理一下段落与段落之间的逻辑关系,比如相邻两段属于并列关系,作为两个不同原因来解释某个现象等。
同时根据各段落的中心及全文中心,来总结文章整体的结构框架,比如说classification或者是problem & solution等类型。
经过一段时间的精读练习,考生能够更快速掌握篇章主旨,从而加快“段落小结题”的解题速度及准确率。
最后提醒考生,精读原文(同时记单词)、分析长难句并梳理句间、段间关系所花的时间大于做题本身的时间,属于正常的现象。
千万不要为了速度而牺牲质量,只以做题为最终目标,忽略阅读的本质。